Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a membrane-bound sensor of the innate immune system that detects flagellin, a conserved protein component of bacterial flagella. Upon flagellin recognition, TLR5 ...

The innate immune system employs inflammasomes—intracellular multiprotein platforms—to detect microbial motifs and danger signals, triggering rapid inflammatory responses. Upon sensing perturbations ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and foreign substances. An essential component of this system are pattern recognition receptors, which recognize non-self ...

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite advances in modern medicine. In particular, mixed bacterial–viral infections in ...

Innate lymphoid cells, which curiously behave like T cells even though they don’t recognize specific antigens, show promise as a potential cancer therapeutic. In the years that followed, other groups ...

Researchers have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis. Clinical ...

Cabozantinib, a drug already used to treat patients with certain types of thyroid or kidney cancer, was able to eradicate invasive prostate cancers in mice by causing tumor cells to secrete factors ...

We sometimes hear about the benefits of “boosting” our immune system, but what we really want to do is support our immune system on an ongoing basis. People often think of the immune system as ...

Kidney cells are continuously exposed to ischemic, metabolic, toxic, and immunological stressors. These insults activate a conserved repertoire of ...