Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a membrane-bound sensor of the innate immune system that detects flagellin, a conserved protein component of bacterial flagella. Upon flagellin recognition, TLR5 ...

The innate immune system employs inflammasomes—intracellular multiprotein platforms—to detect microbial motifs and danger signals, triggering rapid inflammatory responses. Upon sensing perturbations ...

Why do some vaccines protect for a lifetime, while threats like tumors and viruses present such an ongoing challenge? The ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...

Researchers have shown that innate immune training, also known as trained immunity (TRIM), leads to aggravated bone loss in experimental models of periodontitis and inflammatory arthritis. Clinical ...

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite advances in modern medicine. In particular, mixed bacterial–viral infections in ...

Cancer immunotherapy, which primes the body's immune system to fight off tumors, has historically focused on harnessing T cells' natural ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. While this ...

Cabozantinib, a drug already used to treat patients with certain types of thyroid or kidney cancer, was able to eradicate invasive prostate cancers in mice by causing tumor cells to secrete factors ...

Kidney cells are continuously exposed to ischemic, metabolic, toxic, and immunological stressors. These insults activate a conserved repertoire of ...

We sometimes hear about the benefits of “boosting” our immune system, but what we really want to do is support our immune system on an ongoing basis. People often think of the immune system as ...