In the literal sense, nothing is simpler than an elementary particle: By definition, a particle is considered to be elementary only if there is no evidence that it is made up of smaller constituents.

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

Physics has demonstrated that the everyday phenomena we experience are governed by universal principles applying at time and distance scales far beyond normal human experience. Physics has ...

In particle physics, data long outlives the detectors that generate it. A decade ago the 4,100-metric-ton Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) reached the end of its life and was shut down, stripped of ...

In 2024, the T2K Collaboration started to collect new neutrino data following several upgrades to the experiment that included new types of detectors. One of these, called SuperFGD, has a mass of ...

Michael S Turner argues that the next breakthrough in particle physics and cosmology may be just around the corner.

RECENTLY J. Barnóthy 1 has proposed an explanation of the elementary particles (protons, electrons, etc.) in terms of serial universes, each enclosed in one of higher order. The elementary particles ...

Every few years, scientists take a step back to take a broader look at their field and determine what questions are most pressing—and what tools they will need to answer those questions. This year the ...

From the early scattering experiments of Rutherford to the colliding beam experiments that produced the top quark with a mass almost as large as Rutherford's gold nucleus, particle beams have been the ...

The Committee on Elementary-Particle Physics was convened by the National Research Council's Board on Physics and Astronomy to assess the field of elementary-particle physics as part of the survey ...