The steelmaking process also yields high-purity iron, which makes up 70% of the material used in rare earth permanent magnets — an essential input for everything from advanced defense systems ...

Electricity consumption in the BioIron process is about one-third of the electricity required by other steelmaking processes that rely on renewable hydrogen.

Recent advancements in machine learning have substantially transformed the optimisation of the steelmaking process. Traditional methods, often limited by complex thermodynamic interactions and non ...

Steelmaking Slag: A by-product from the steelmaking process, typically containing various oxides including phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and iron, which can be repurposed through recovery ...