Sitting quietly in the Tools panel of the popular image editors Adobe Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, and Pixelmator, is the Gradient tool, a wonderfully useful painting tool that lets you create a ...

Metasurfaces, and in particular those containing plasmonic-based metallic elements, constitute an attractive set of materials with a potential for replacing standard bulky optical elements. In recent ...

In conventional optical components, such as lenses or gratings, the propagation of light is usually manipulated by reflection, refraction or diffraction. For example, a wavefront can be modified using ...

There are three main ways to check the correctness of derivative specifications. If the specification of the first derivatives is correct, the elements of the test vector and test matrix should be ...