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TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. About the Archive This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online ...

The typical Roman history tour begins with the tomb of an ancient emperor and winds down with the works of your Renaissance-era artist-of-choice. But perched atop the Janiculum hill — with St. Peter’s ...

A champion of national self-determination and worldwide democracy. In his day Garibaldi was compared to George Washington, who stood up to stronger enemies and conquered them. In many respects, he was ...

The Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882) was memorialized with a bronze statue in Washington Square Park in New York City in 1888. With statues a subject of recent controversy, ...