Life began on Earth more than 3.5 billion years ago, but the history of humans and other vertebrates accounts for only a fraction of this timescale. Chordates (a group that includes vertebrates) and ...
The ancestral vertebrate evolved the highly sophisticated nervous system that underpins the extraordinary behavioural repertoire of modern vertebrates. However, despite over a century of study, the ...
Vertebrate evolution was accompanied by two rounds of whole genome duplication followed by functional divergence in terms of regulatory circuits and gene expression patterns. As a basal and ...
In their seminal 1983 paper, Gans and Northcutt proposed that evolution of the vertebrate ‘new head’ was made possible by the advent of the neural crest and cranial placodes. The neural crest is a ...
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