Plasma is a state of matter that emerges when a gas is heated to sufficiently high temperatures, prompting some electrons to become free from atoms. This state of matter has been the focus of many ...

The secret to how steel hardens and shape-memory alloys snap into place lies in rapid, atomic-scale shifts that scientists have struggled to observe in materials. Now, Cornell researchers are ...

Dynamic behavior simulation of metal particles in gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission lines (GIL) is crucial for predicting their migration process and distribution pattern. However, existing ...

Despite their widespread adoption, particle-scale simulation methods, such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM), for electrically charged particles in several natural processes and industrial ...