The innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against viral pathogens, relying on germline-encoded receptors to detect conserved viral signatures. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ...

An international research team studying mice and human tissue samples has uncovered why older people are more likely to suffer severely from the flu and suggest that their findings could be used to ...

A study reveals how two proteins cooperate in a key early step of antiviral detection, as reported by researchers at Science Tokyo. Using cryo-electron microscopy and high-speed atomic force ...

Patients with COVID-19 can show several different antiviral immune response patterns, which may influence how the disease develops. This is shown in a new study from Karolinska Institutet, published ...

TLR4 recognizes bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharides and activates IRF3 via the adapter protein TRIF, contributing to the induction of type I IFN genes. Within endosomes, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 ...

Understanding the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells has important implications for cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitor drugs and cell-based therapies, as well as ...

A protein found in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis defends against viruses by doing the opposite of what its ...